The partial credit model and null categories

A category where the frequency of responses is zero, either for sampling or structural reasons, will be called anull category. One approach for ordered polytomous item response models is to downcode the categories (i.e., reduce the score of each category above the null category by one), thus altering the relationship between the substantive framework and the scoring scheme for items with null categories. It is discussed why this is often not a good idea, and a method for avoiding the problem is described for the partial credit model while maintaining the integrity of the original response framework. This solution is based on a simple reexpression of the basic parameters of the model.