This document articulates a conceptual framework for the fourth cycle of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) programme, TALIS 2024. It reflects major concepts from research literature as well as policy interests and was developed by researchers in consultation with the OECD, international stakeholders, and participating countries and territories. The 2024 cycle is designed to address four contemporary issues for education systems and four broad content areas concerned with teaching and learning. The contemporary issues for education systems are: diversity and equity; the educational use of technology; social and emotional learning; and environmental and sustainability education. The broad content areas concerned with teaching and learning are: teachers’ learning and development; teachers' work practices; occupational perceptions and institutional environments for learning. Section 3 of this conceptual framework details each of these content areas in terms of their constructs, indicators and analytical possibilities.