ICCS questionnaire development

This chapter describes the development of the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study (ICCS) international questionnaires for students, teachers, schools, and national research centers. The student questionnaire was designed to measure both learning outcomes and contextual information. The teacher questionnaire was designed to gather teacher perspectives on the general school and community environment, teaching methods, and civic and citizenship education. School principals were asked to report on the school context for learning, on school characteristics, including school climate, as well as aspects of civic and citizenship education at their schools. An online questionnaire for national research coordinators (NRCs)—the national contexts survey—was designed to collect contextual information at the national (or subregional) level about the characteristics of education systems, aims, and contexts, implementation of civic and citizenship education, and current developments (reforms, debates) related to this learning area.